Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems

Flood warning and monitoring systems : Principles

 

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More and more people are affected by floods and floods, and the material damage is becoming increasingly costly for our society. However, climate change is also causing severe low water levels which are making water resources scarce.

Flood warning and flood monitoring systems make it possible to understand, monitor, better inform the population about flood risks, acquire data and thus knowledge to be able to react in time. These are the subjects on which PARATRONIC develops simple and effective flood warning and flood monitoring systems, in close collaboration and by meeting the requirements of seasoned professionals in the fight against these various scourges.

The main purposes of flood warning and flood monitoring systems are :

acquisition of rainfall, limnimetric, flow and physico-chemical data,

transmission in real time or in regular time steps in order to centralize information,

data storage and criticism,

the transmission of alarms,

Historicalization of measurements and events,

Inter-application or inter-service data exchange, for flood forecasting or the pooling of hydrological data, are now essential elements for the management of hydrology, whether for flood forecasting or water resource management.

 

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Faced with the multiplication of proprietary solutions that have developed through the offers of different manufacturers, the incompatibility of equipment from different origins is the main obstacle to the evolution of flood warning and monitoring systems. The multitude of communication protocols, the different operating systems and the desire to preserve monopoly positions are pushing manufacturers to close down their flood warning and monitoring systems.

These solutions are then unsuitable for integration into new schemes, other than those mastered by the initial supplier. This situation, which is very uncomfortable for users, leads to rigidity and above all to very limited possibilities of evolution which make flood warning and monitoring systems quickly obsolete.

Our offeris part of a radically different approach and guarantees the sustainability of the investment because it is anopen system and scalable.

Multi-Protocol software in order to accommodate existing equipment in the measurement network or to allow users to create networks integrating equipment from various suppliers,

Materials using open and royalty-free protocols,

Compatibility with all transmission media (radio, GSM, PSTN, satellite, ...),

Use of "thin client" interfaces that allow the use of all types of machines and operating systems,

No limitation on the number of client workstations (no license limiting the number of users),

Universality of the programming language that allows the use of all types of machines and operating systems as diverse as Windows or Linux,

 

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Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems: Sensors

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Whatever the systems of flood alarms and flood monitoring, the multitude of sensors PARATRONIC makes it possible not only to retain the technology most adapted to the parameter(s) which one wishes to supervise: measurement of flood, low water level, groundwater level, temperature, pluviometry, etc... but especially to choose a sensor adapted to the site: discretion for reasons of vandalism or classified sites, space requirements for narrow boreholes, with or without wires depending on the installation conditions, connected in the conventional way, i.e. wired, or radio remote from the station by several kilometres, etc...

In addition, our systems are obviously open to all types of sensors, of different brands (physical chemistry, meteorology, etc...).

 

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Flood warning and monitoring systems : The Roles of a Central Acquisition Station

 

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De la station ultra-basse consommation (<1μA) à la centrale interrogeable par SMS ou PDA et communiquant en Bluetooth, la gamme des centrales PARATRONIC (CPL+, MAC, CEMA…) s’adapte à tous à tous les systèmes d’alertes crues et de surveillance des inondations et à tous les capteurs :

Analog: 4-20 mA, PT100,

Logics: Rain gauges, digital, meters,

Digital: RS232 (LPN8-2, Nimbus), RS485 (JBUS), SDI12, BCD, Gray, etc. intelligent sensors,

and allows the management of thresholds, alarms, sampler controls and automatisms.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems: Site Energy Management

 

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In the flood warning and flood monitoring systems, most sites have no power. It is therefore not only necessary that the data acquisition systems of flood warning and flood monitoring systems have very low power consumption, but it is also essential that they manage and optimize the power supply of sensors and modems, ...

The PARATRONIC power stations not only allow the use of solar panels or fuel cells but also make it possible to equip sites without any energy or even solar panel. Indeed, thanks to PARATRONIC power stations, a simple power supply by batteries makes it possible to ensure the power supply of the power station, the sensors and to carry out the data transmission over durations higher than the year.

 

 

 

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Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems: Communicating with Sensors

 

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The PARATRONIC power stations are open to all types of sensors: Floods, low-water levels, quality, pluviometry, temperature, weather... That allows not only the reuse of sensors of various marks pre-existing on the ground but also to guarantee the perenniality of the systems of flood alarms and flood monitoring by the possibility of almost unlimited evolution of the systems of flood alarms and flood monitoring thus set up.

 

 

 

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Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems: Storing Station Data and Parameters

 

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The high storage capacity of the data acquisition units composing the flood warning and monitoring systems associated with the use of storage algorithms (half dead band, half deviation...) allows to store, over long periods, not only the measurements but also all the technical data and even an event log.

 

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Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems: Interpreting Sensor Information and Presenting Results

 

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Central element of the flood warning systems and flood monitoring, the PARATRONIC data acquisition units allow a local display of the memorized data, the sending of alarms by SMS, mails, etc... the management of samplers and even the display of curves on a local terminal.

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Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems: Communicating with the Concentrator

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The control units PARATRONIC manage all the media of communication: PSTN, GSM, GPRS, Radio, satellite, ... and can even manage several of them simultaneously. It is thus possible to carry out systems of flood alarms and flood monitoring where the various sites are equipped with the same materials but where certain sites communicate by radio, others in GPRS or GSM etc?

It is even possible to have, for each site of a flood warning and monitoring system, a main and a backup media: transmission is usually done, for example, by radio and in case of malfunction an automatic switchover to another modem (GSM for example) is made.

Finally, if during the life of a flood warning and monitoring system one wishes to change the mode of transmission, it is sufficient to change the modem(s) concerned without having to tinker with the structure of the network or even change the slightest station or sensor.

The transmission networks of flood warning and monitoring systems are usually the sensitive point of the monitoring or warning networks. There is no universal solution and the media must be chosen, for each site, according to local constraints and possibilities related to the terrain.

The materials PARATRONIC are compatible with all the media of transmission: RTC, GSM, GPRS, Radio, satellite,? and make it possible to carry out systems of flood alarms and monitoring of the floods mixing several modes of transmission.

With an aim of optimizing the safety of operation and of guaranteeing a continuity of service even under the conditions of natural disasters (floods, storms, etc...) the PARATRONIC materials are able to manage several media simultaneously or to switch automatically from a failing main media towards a solution of data transmission and emergency warning.

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Flood warning and monitoring systems : The Control and Monitoring Centre

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Tools for collecting and analyzing data from flood warning and monitoring systems must be adapted to the needs of natural risk management services.

Entirely modular, SIGMA II evolves with measurement networks and user needs.

Depending on the "software bricks" chosen, SIGMA II can be used to collect a few stations and generate a simple measurement file or to supervise flood warning and flood monitoring systems for several hundred measurement points, to present data on a cartographic synoptic, to manage alarms according to an on-call schedule, to monitor the maintenance carried out on the sites and to manage all technical alarms.

 

Software multi-protocol and multi-media, SIGMA II collects by Radio, GSM, GPRS, Satellite, ... the data coming from PARATRONIC data acquisition units but also those coming from various other manufacturers.

Entirely "thin client" SIGMA does not require the installation of specific software on the consultation workstations and benefits from a license that does not limit the number of users.

The display and parameterization of the information in the data collection and processing software are designed in such a way that the SIGMA II Supervisor provides the user with clear, fast and detailed navigation.

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 flood warning and monitoring systems : An Overview

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Allows the user in real time to :

View the event log that traces the activity related to SIGMA II (possibility of sorting by words to be filtered),

Monitor the status of the "information buttons" (color change),

Browse through the SIGMA II menu to directly access the consultation or parameterization of the supervisor,

Present a "dynamic" map of the watershed.

The entry point of SIGMA II is cartographic :

Stations, rivers, stretches and basins on alert automatically turn red,

As you hover over each station, the latest measurements appear as tooltips,

A simple click on a station gives access to the station data: alarms, curves, tables, thresholds, settings.

 

Flood warning and monitoring systems: Ergonomics and polychromy

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Ergonomic selection and a multicolor display optimize :

The way the information is presented (by station or type of measurement channels),

Data monitoring and validation (the cell related to the data or station changes colour depending on the condition or quality of the data),

The choice of information presented on the screen (sorting by station group possible [tabs]).

 

flood warning and monitoring systems : Parameterization

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The information related to the configuration and collection mode of a station is gathered on a single page:

The information is entered or selected from a drop-down list,
SIGMA II also provides information on Export / Import of data.

 

flood warning and monitoring systems : Display

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The graphical display of measured values by SIGMA II is dynamic and allows :

The presentation of several measurements simultaneously,

The value is displayed by moving the cursor over the curve (value and date framed),

To zoom in and out on the graph, to make the thresholds appear.

 

Flood warning and monitoring systems: Curves and calculations

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SIGMA II allows you to import curves in "Scale" format. It is equipped with dedicated calculation functions:

to the tare curves,

to the correction curves (grass curves),

to the volume curves.

 

flood warning and monitoring systems : Different levels of alarms

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The SIGMA II on-call management allows to manage different levels of alarms:

Alarms can be assigned a "severity" level and a stakeholder group,

The type of fault will determine the associated monitoring group,

There are multiple acknowledgement modes.

 

Flood warning and monitoring systems: Connections with the outside world

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SIGMA II Manages all external connections:

Sending voice alarms, SMS, Mail, pop up,

The connections of nomadic PCs or smart phones,

Sending measurement files to internal or external databases.

 

Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems: Operational Safety

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Any flood warning and monitoring system must operate under the worst imaginable conditions, even if these occur at the same time as a physical incident. It is essential to ensure full service continuity of flood warning and monitoring systems even in the event of equipment failure. All equipment must therefore be redundant and the changeover from the failed equipment to the replacement equipment must be automatic.

At each measuring site of the flood warning and flood monitoring systems the sensor(s) can be duplicated by sensors, preferably of different technology,

At each measuring site of the flood warning and flood monitoring systems the transmission modems must also be doubled (one main and one backup media),

the electricity consumption of the sites of a flood warning and monitoring system must be sufficiently low for the sites to be energy self-sufficient,

the servers hosting the software should also be duplicated, if possible on two different sites.

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Flood Warning and Monitoring Systems: Examples of Networks

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